Comparative anatomy of the Sapajus sp. (bearded capuchin) hand with comments on tool use in a parallel evolution with the hominid pathway.

Introduction: Bearded capuchins display a wide variety of manipulatory skills and make routine use of tools in both captivity and the wild. The efficient handling of objects in this genus has led several investigators to assume near-human thumb movements, despite a lack of anatomical studies. Methods: Here, we performed an anatomical analysis of muscles and bones in the capuchin hand. Sapajus morphological traits were quantitatively compared with those of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and baboons. Results: The comparative analysis indicated that the Sapajus hand is more similar to that of baboons and least similar to that of humans according to the muscles, bones, and three-dimensional data. Furthermore, these findings suggest that bearded capuchins lack true thumb opponency. Regarding manipulatory skills, they display rather primitive hand traits, with limited resources for precision grasping using the opponens pollicis. Discussion: These findings suggest that bearded capuchins' complex use of tools depends more heavily on their high cognitive abilities than on a versatile hand apparatus. These findings offer crucial insights into the evolution of primate cognition.

Neuropsychology of the parietal lobe: Luria's and contemporary conceptions.

The parietal lobe, constituting approximately 20% of the human brain, comprises two main regions: the somatosensory cortex and the posterior parietal cortex. The former is responsible for receiving and processing information from the organism itself or its external environment, while the latter performs concurrent summaries and higher cognitive functions. The present study seeks to integrate modern research findings with Luria's previous discoveries in order to gain a nuanced understanding of the roles assigned to the parietal lobe as well as its lateralization differences.

Comparative anatomy of the encephalon of new world primates with emphasis for the Sapajus sp.

Studies about the anatomy of the New World Primates are scarce, mainly comparative neuroanatomy, then a morphological comparative analysis about the tropical Primates were performed and a effort was made for an Old World Primates and modern humans relationship for the obtained data; plus, comments about behavior e and allometry were performed to try link the high cognition and abilities of the Sapajus with the neuroanatomical results, however, despite the deep neuroanatomic data obtained, we do not found an intrinsic relation to explain that.

Gross anatomy of the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus sp.

Opposing genetic and cultural-social explanations for the origin of language are currently the focus of much discussion. One of the functions linked to the longitudinal fascicle is language, which links Wernicke's area and Broca's area in the brain, and its size should indicate the brain increase in the evolution. Sapajus is a New World primate genus with high cognition and advanced tool use similar to that of chimpanzees. A study of the gross anatomy of the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus using Kingler's method found it to differ from other studied primates, such as macaques and chimpanzees, mainly because its fibers join the cingulate fascicle. As in other non-human primates, the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus does not reach the temporal lobe, which could indicate a way of separating these fascicles to increase white matter in relation to individual function. The study of anatomical structures seems very promising for understanding the basis of the origin of language. Indeed, socio-historical-cultural philosophy affirms the socio-cultural origin of speech, although considering the anatomical structures behind it working as a functional system.

Epidemiological profile of orthopedics and traumatology patients in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil

Epidemiological studies, both in general and specifically, are part of the health promotion process and prophylactic actions that can generate treatment plans for a population, however, the accomplishment of prophylactic work in relation to musculoskeletal(i.e., traumatological) problems must start from the specific and go to the general, from cities to a national plan, since each population has its own characteristics in the general picture of conditions. Hypothetically, the epidemiological profile in traumatology and orthopedics, due to the general behavior in the national territory, presents the lack of prevention; in this way, is necessary to verify. This work aims to determine the incidence of orthopedic and traumatological problems in the region of Palmas, state of Tocantins (TO), Brazil, in order to contribute to a possible prophylactic plan for the population of the region. The data of the present study agree with most other studies about the orthopedic profile in terms of gender, age and problems with vertebral column, in general. However, the finding that most of the conditions were associated with scoliosis was unexpected, as it differs from the findings of most studies. It was possible to establish a profile of patients seen at the clinic-school and indicate the management of training for health professionals related to the treatment of people over the age of 40 years. The importance of the action of physiotherapists in the processes of prevention and primary care was evident given the patients indicated in this and other articles who need help with traumatic diseases.

Comparative anatomy of the brachial plexus and shoulder nerves of the Sapajus.

BACKGROUND: The capuchin is a neotropical primate that presents easy reproduction in captivity and is used in scientific research. The objective of this work was to describe the structure and the branching pattern of the brachial plexus of the capuchin and to compare the results with data from the literature for humans, chimpanzees, baboons and Callithrix. METHODS: Twelve specimens were used: eight males and four females. No animals were killed for the purpose of this study. RESULTS: The brachial plexus of Sapajus sp was constituted mainly from the ventral roots of the last four cervical spinal nerves, from C5 to C8, mainly, and the first thoracic nerve (T1). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of formation of the brachial plexus of the capuchin monkey was more similar to that of Callithrix and baboons, perhaps because they are the only primates in this study to be essentially quadrupedal.

Differences among the forelimb arteries in groups of primates and a mathematical model explanation.

BACKGROUND: Recently, some studies about primates have claimed the importance of the vessels to maintain the muscles working; in fact, the arterial supply could suggest how strenuous the muscular performance is associated to locomotor behavior. The aim of this work was to study the anatomy of the arteries of the forelimbs of different groups of primates to evidence a general arterial model in comparative terms. METHODS: We propose a biophysical explanation for the arterial pattern of the forelimbs of primates' groups. RESULTS: Three pattern of the forelimb arteries in Primates were descript and the differences were explained using mathematical formulas. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical study about the comparative anatomy of the arteries of the forelimbs of primates provided hypothesis about the three observed models, mainly in relation to brachial artery division and the number of the palmar arches, in mathematical models' terms.

Pharmacological interventions in corticobasal degeneration: a review.

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a sporadic tauopathy that presents with a varied combination of motor, cognitive, and behavioral features, making its diagnosis difficult. CBD has high morbidity and poor prognosis, with no effective therapy at present. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles published from 1990 to 2019, using the keywords "corticobasal degeneration" AND "treatment." The PRISMA method was adopted. Retrieved articles were characterized as having one of two methodological approaches: (1) studies aimed at primary tauopathy treatment and (2) symptomatic management. Review articles (based on CBD expert groups), case reports, case series, and pilot clinical trials were selected. Few attempts have been made to study drug options and drug efficacy in CBD systematically, and an effective treatment is not yet available. Treatment is symptomatic and based on similarity with other diseases due to the scarcity of studies specifically addressing CBD. CBD seems not to spark interest in more clinical trials for its low prevalence and reliability in clinical diagnosis.

A degeneração corticobasal (DCB) é uma tauopatia esporádica que se apresenta com uma combinação variada de características motoras, cognitivas e comportamentais, dificultando seu diagnóstico. O CBD tem alta morbidade e mau prognóstico, sem terapia efetiva no momento. Pesquisamos o banco de dados PubMed / MEDLINE para artigos publicados de 1990 a 2019, usando as palavras-chave "degeneração corticobasal" e "tratamento". O método PRISMA foi adotado. Os artigos recuperados foram caracterizados como tendo uma de duas abordagens metodológicas: (1) estudos voltados para o tratamento da tauopatia primária e (2) manejo sintomático. Artigos de revisão (baseados em grupos de especialistas em CBD), relatos de casos, séries de casos e ensaios clínicos piloto foram selecionados. Poucas tentativas foram feitas para estudar as opções de drogas e eficácia de drogas no CBD de forma sistemática, e um tratamento eficaz ainda não está disponível. O tratamento é sintomático e baseado na semelhança com outras doenças devido à escassez de estudos que abordem especificamente o CBD. O CBD parece não despertar o interesse em mais ensaios clínicos por sua baixa prevalência e confiabilidade no diagnóstico clínico.

Pharmacological interventions in corticobasal degeneration: a review / Intervenções farmacológicas na degeneração corticobasal: uma revisão

ABSTRACT. Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a sporadic tauopathy that presents with a varied combination of motor, cognitive, and behavioral features, making its diagnosis difficult. CBD has high morbidity and poor prognosis, with no effective therapy at present. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles published from 1990 to 2019, using the keywords "corticobasal degeneration" AND "treatment." The PRISMA method was adopted. Retrieved articles were characterized as having one of two methodological approaches: (1) studies aimed at primary tauopathy treatment and (2) symptomatic management. Review articles (based on CBD expert groups), case reports, case series, and pilot clinical trials were selected. Few attempts have been made to study drug options and drug efficacy in CBD systematically, and an effective treatment is not yet available. Treatment is symptomatic and based on similarity with other diseases due to the scarcity of studies specifically addressing CBD. CBD seems not to spark interest in more clinical trials for its low prevalence and reliability in clinical diagnosis.

RESUMO. A degeneração corticobasal (DCB) é uma tauopatia esporádica que se apresenta com uma combinação variada de características motoras, cognitivas e comportamentais, dificultando seu diagnóstico. O CBD tem alta morbidade e mau prognóstico, sem terapia efetiva no momento. Pesquisamos o banco de dados PubMed / MEDLINE para artigos publicados de 1990 a 2019, usando as palavras-chave "degeneração corticobasal" e "tratamento". O método PRISMA foi adotado. Os artigos recuperados foram caracterizados como tendo uma de duas abordagens metodológicas: (1) estudos voltados para o tratamento da tauopatia primária e (2) manejo sintomático. Artigos de revisão (baseados em grupos de especialistas em CBD), relatos de casos, séries de casos e ensaios clínicos piloto foram selecionados. Poucas tentativas foram feitas para estudar as opções de drogas e eficácia de drogas no CBD de forma sistemática, e um tratamento eficaz ainda não está disponível. O tratamento é sintomático e baseado na semelhança com outras doenças devido à escassez de estudos que abordem especificamente o CBD. O CBD parece não despertar o interesse em mais ensaios clínicos por sua baixa prevalência e confiabilidade no diagnóstico clínico.

Comparative Gross Anatomy of the Forelimb Arteries of the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata) and a Comparative Pattern of Forelimb Arterial Distribution in Primates.

Macaca fuscata displays characteristic behaviours, such as stone handling, locomotor behaviour, gait position, and intermittent bipedalism. Differences in characteristic behaviours among primate species/genera could be explained by anatomical details of the body. However, the anatomical details have not been well studied in Macaca fuscata. Arterial models could be one of the anatomical bases for the phylogenetic and functional differences among species, since the arterial supply could be associated with the muscular performance, especially locomotor behaviour. In this study, five thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata adults were dissected to analyse the vessels. Patterns of arterial distribution in the thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata were compared with those in other primates. The results indicated that the arterial distribution in the Japanese monkeys was more similar to those in Macaca mulatta and Papio anubis, which is consistent with phylogenetic similarities. However, compared with Papio anubis and other macaques, there were anatomical differences in several points, including (1) the origin of the common, anterior, posterior circumflex, and profunda brachii, and (2) the origins of the collateralis ulnaris artery. The comparative anatomy of the arteries in the forelimb of Macaca fuscata, along with the anatomical studies in other primates, indicated characteristic patterns of brachial artery division and the number of the palmar arches in primates, which is consistent with the phylogenetic division among New World primates, Old World primates, and apes.

Use of the movie "Lorenzo's Oil" for didactic purposes in neuroscience and others health fields.

Although the traditional method of teaching is still the most popular nowadays, the use of different methodologies such as play approaches, for instance, could be used to make the teaching-learning process a more active approach. Nonetheless, the use of films that represent true stories are more pertinent in active teaching, especially those directly associated with a specific field and that are not merely dramatic. Lorenzo's oil can inform students about many biological topics and problems linked to intensive care. Furthermore, it also addresses the impact of a neurological disease in a social environment and promotes an intrinsic discussion about sciences in general. Given the above, we propose the hypothesis that the film is useful for educational purposes in health, specifically neuroscience. Lorenzo's Oil seems to be a good option for the use of a new approach in health science education. The richness of medical topics linked to modern aspects, such as nutrition for patients with mental disorders and palliative care combined with spirituality aspects, promotes an important discussion and constitutes a less stressing learning activity for students. Although some papers cite the importance of the movie for genetics and other fields, this paper shows the importance of efforts to address these topics using a more modern educational approach. According to the results presented, Lorenzo's Oil could be used extensively for medical/health sciences, confirming the initial hypothesis.

Embora o método tradicional de ensino ainda seja o mais popular atualmente, o uso de diferentes metodologias, como o lúdico, por exemplo, poderia ser usado para transformar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em uma abordagem ativa. No entanto, o uso de filmes que representam histórias verdadeiras é mais pertinente no ensino ativo, especialmente aqueles que estão diretamente associados a um campo específico e não são apenas dramáticos. O Óleo de Lorenzo pode informar os alunos sobre tópicos biológicos e problemas relacionados aos cuidados intensivos. Além disso, também aborda o impacto de uma doença neurológica em um ambiente social e promove uma discussão intrínseca sobre as ciências em geral. Diante do exposto, é possível levantar a hipótese da possibilidade de usar o filme em questão para fins educacionais em saúde e especificamente em neurociência. O Óleo de Lorenzo parece ser uma boa opção para o uso de uma nova abordagem na educação em ciências da saúde. A riqueza de tópicos médicos vinculados a aspectos modernos, como nutrição para pacientes com transtornos mentais e cuidados paliativos combinados com aspectos de espiritualidade, promove uma discussão importante e cria uma atividade menos estressante de aprendizado para os alunos. Apesar de alguns trabalhos citarem a importância do filme para a genética e outros campos, este artigo mostra a importância do esforço para adicionar esses tópicos a uma abordagem educacional mais moderna. Então, de acordo com os dados apresentados, o Óleo de Lorenzo poderia ser usado extensivamente para ciências médicas/saúde.

Use of the movie "Lorenzo's Oil" for didactic purposes in neuroscience and others health fields / O uso do filme "óleo de lorenzo" para fins didáticos para neurociência e outros campos da saúde

ABSTRACT Although the traditional method of teaching is still the most popular nowadays, the use of different methodologies such as play approaches, for instance, could be used to make the teaching-learning process a more active approach. Nonetheless, the use of films that represent true stories are more pertinent in active teaching, especially those directly associated with a specific field and that are not merely dramatic. Lorenzo's oil can inform students about many biological topics and problems linked to intensive care. Furthermore, it also addresses the impact of a neurological disease in a social environment and promotes an intrinsic discussion about sciences in general. Given the above, we propose the hypothesis that the film is useful for educational purposes in health, specifically neuroscience. Lorenzo's Oil seems to be a good option for the use of a new approach in health science education. The richness of medical topics linked to modern aspects, such as nutrition for patients with mental disorders and palliative care combined with spirituality aspects, promotes an important discussion and constitutes a less stressing learning activity for students. Although some papers cite the importance of the movie for genetics and other fields, this paper shows the importance of efforts to address these topics using a more modern educational approach. According to the results presented, Lorenzo's Oil could be used extensively for medical/health sciences, confirming the initial hypothesis.

RESUMO Embora o método tradicional de ensino ainda seja o mais popular atualmente, o uso de diferentes metodologias, como o lúdico, por exemplo, poderia ser usado para transformar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em uma abordagem ativa. No entanto, o uso de filmes que representam histórias verdadeiras é mais pertinente no ensino ativo, especialmente aqueles que estão diretamente associados a um campo específico e não são apenas dramáticos. O Óleo de Lorenzo pode informar os alunos sobre tópicos biológicos e problemas relacionados aos cuidados intensivos. Além disso, também aborda o impacto de uma doença neurológica em um ambiente social e promove uma discussão intrínseca sobre as ciências em geral. Diante do exposto, é possível levantar a hipótese da possibilidade de usar o filme em questão para fins educacionais em saúde e especificamente em neurociência. O Óleo de Lorenzo parece ser uma boa opção para o uso de uma nova abordagem na educação em ciências da saúde. A riqueza de tópicos médicos vinculados a aspectos modernos, como nutrição para pacientes com transtornos mentais e cuidados paliativos combinados com aspectos de espiritualidade, promove uma discussão importante e cria uma atividade menos estressante de aprendizado para os alunos. Apesar de alguns trabalhos citarem a importância do filme para a genética e outros campos, este artigo mostra a importância do esforço para adicionar esses tópicos a uma abordagem educacional mais moderna. Então, de acordo com os dados apresentados, o Óleo de Lorenzo poderia ser usado extensivamente para ciências médicas/saúde.

Neuropsychology of the temporal lobe: Luria's and contemporary conceptions.

Brain lesion studies currently employ techniques such as computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography. Famous neuropsychologist Alexander Romanovich Luria's studies on cognition were conducted without the use of imaging technology for many years, in a large number of patients with brain lesions, and explored complex behavior and specific brain functions involving the lobes and subareas. For instance, he carried out several specific studies on memory and mental organization, reported in his books. The objective of this study is to associate recent studies in neuropsychology with Luria's work specifically on the temporal lobe. According to the data studied, Luria's epistemological foundation remains the basis for neuropsychological studies today, but new data on the temporal lobe in relation to epilepsy and hippocampus analysis have been introduced into the scope of neuropsychology. This study focuses on earlier data from Luria's studies on the neuropsychological functions of the temporal lobe, comparing these with more recent data. However, in order to improve clinical aspects, a detailed study on the neuropsychological tests used for the temporal lobe should be performed.

Atualmente, estudos de lesão cerebral implementam técnicas como tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética funcional, tomografia por emissão de fóton e tomografia por emissão de pósitrons. Estudos sobre cognição do neuropsicólogo Alexander Romanovich Luria foram realizados há vários anos sem o uso de tecnologia de imagem, com uma grande quantidade de pacientes com lesões cerebrais, envolvendo comportamento complexo e funções cerebrais específicas em relação aos lobos e suas subáreas. Por exemplo, ele realizou vários estudos sobre memória e organização mental mostrados em alguns de seus livros. O objetivo deste trabalho é associar estudos recentes em neuropsicologia com o trabalho de Luria sobre o lobo temporal, em específico. De acordo com os dados estudados aqui, a base epistemológica de Luria para os estudos neuropsicológicos atuais é ainda, fundamental, mas novos dados sobre o lobo temporal em relação à análise de epilepsia e hipocampo foram introduzidos no escopo da neuropsicologia. Neste trabalho foram priorizados os estudos das funções neuropsicológicas do lobo temporal dos dados anteriores dos estudos de Luria em relação aos mais recentes, no entanto, para fins de melhoria de aspectos clínicos, um estudo detalhado sobre os testes neuropsicológicos utilizados para o lobo temporal deveria ser realizado.

Neuropsychology of the temporal lobe: Luria's and contemporary conceptions / Neuropsicologia do lobo temporal: concepções contemporâneas e de luria

ABSTRACT Brain lesion studies currently employ techniques such as computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography. Famous neuropsychologist Alexander Romanovich Luria's studies on cognition were conducted without the use of imaging technology for many years, in a large number of patients with brain lesions, and explored complex behavior and specific brain functions involving the lobes and subareas. For instance, he carried out several specific studies on memory and mental organization, reported in his books. The objective of this study is to associate recent studies in neuropsychology with Luria's work specifically on the temporal lobe. According to the data studied, Luria's epistemological foundation remains the basis for neuropsychological studies today, but new data on the temporal lobe in relation to epilepsy and hippocampus analysis have been introduced into the scope of neuropsychology. This study focuses on earlier data from Luria's studies on the neuropsychological functions of the temporal lobe, comparing these with more recent data. However, in order to improve clinical aspects, a detailed study on the neuropsychological tests used for the temporal lobe should be performed.

RESUMO Atualmente, estudos de lesão cerebral implementam técnicas como tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética funcional, tomografia por emissão de fóton e tomografia por emissão de pósitrons. Estudos sobre cognição do neuropsicólogo Alexander Romanovich Luria foram realizados há vários anos sem o uso de tecnologia de imagem, com uma grande quantidade de pacientes com lesões cerebrais, envolvendo comportamento complexo e funções cerebrais específicas em relação aos lobos e suas subáreas. Por exemplo, ele realizou vários estudos sobre memória e organização mental mostrados em alguns de seus livros. O objetivo deste trabalho é associar estudos recentes em neuropsicologia com o trabalho de Luria sobre o lobo temporal, em específico. De acordo com os dados estudados aqui, a base epistemológica de Luria para os estudos neuropsicológicos atuais é ainda, fundamental, mas novos dados sobre o lobo temporal em relação à análise de epilepsia e hipocampo foram introduzidos no escopo da neuropsicologia. Neste trabalho foram priorizados os estudos das funções neuropsicológicas do lobo temporal dos dados anteriores dos estudos de Luria em relação aos mais recentes, no entanto, para fins de melhoria de aspectos clínicos, um estudo detalhado sobre os testes neuropsicológicos utilizados para o lobo temporal deveria ser realizado.

Theories of Aging and the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Aging and AD are associated in some way, then it is reasonable to ask whether or not it is possible to age without AD inexorably appearing at any moment, depending on the period of life. Therefore, the goal of this review is to verify, in light of some aging theories, the prevalence of AD. METHODS: For the purpose of this manuscript, the indexers Alzheimer, aging, Alzheimer, and aging were considered; theories of aging were researched. The research was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. RESULTS: The most common subjects in the papers analyzed for this manuscript were aging and Alzheimer's disease. The association between Alzheimer and theories of aging seems inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, the general idea is that AD is associated with aging in such a way that almost all people will present this disease; however, it is plausible to consider that the increase in life expectancy will generate a high prevalence of AD. In a general sense, it seems that the theories of aging explain the origin of AD under superlative and catastrophic considerations and use more biomolecular data than social or behavioral data as the bases of analysis, which may be the problem.

The Confrontation between Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacological Tests of Medicinal Plants Associated with Mental and Neurological Disorders.

For neurological disorders, pharmacological tests have shown promising results in the reduction of side effects when using plants with known therapeutic effects in the treatment of some types of dementia. Therefore, the goals of this study are to gather data about the major medicinal plants used in the nervous system as described in ethnopharmacological surveys from South America and Brazil and to compare this data with the results from pharmacological tests on the active principles of those same plants found in the scientific literature. After collecting the data about each plant, their respective popular indication was compared with the results found through pharmacological tests. The discrepancy rate between the effects observed by ethnopharmacological and pharmacological methods in this study is greater than 50%. In conclusion, despite the importance of ethnopharmacological data, it is important to make comparisons with pharmacological tests for the same plants, since the pharmacological studies, although few, have shown a high rate of discrepancy in the results.

The experience of a nurse in the residency multidisciplinary deployed in Palmas-TO / A Experiência de um enfermeiro na residência multiprofissional implantada em Palmas-TO

The experiences of the participants of residency programs should be used to increase the data on the progress and quality of these continuing education activities. The aim of this study was to show the perspective of one of these professionals of challenges and insertion as member of the Family Health Strategy team and students of a multiprofessional residency program in Northern Brazil. To support this report, a literature search was conducted used indexes Pub med, Open access, Lilacs, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library, giving priority to the most recent articles. The role of residents in Basic Health Units allowed higher number of receptions, residential visits, formation of health groups and incentives to health promotion practices. Residents were positively stimulated to meet the goals taught in classes and maintained a commitment to the legal proposals for the implementation of health quality. The implementation of the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Family and Community Health in Palmas - TO faced some difficulties, however it allowed residents to reflect on their practices and the multidisciplinary integration in the production of actions and improve the quality of care, contributing to broadening the perspective on the health / disease process based on a realistic health situation in the country.

As experiências vividas pelos profissionais de saúde participantes de residências devem ser usadas para aumentar os dados sobre o andamento e qualidade dessas atividades de educação continuada. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a visão de um desses profissionais frente aos desafios e sua inserção como membro da equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e discente de uma residência multiprofissional na região Norte. Para apoiar este relato foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com prioridade para artigos mais recentes. A atuação dos residentes nos grupos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde permitiu maior número de acolhimentos, visitas residenciais, formação de grupos em saúde e estímulos às práticas de promoção à saúde. Os residentes se apresentavam estimulados positivamente a cumprir as metas ensinadas nas aulas e mantiveram um comprometimento com as proposições legais para a implantação da qualidade em saúde. A implementação do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade em Palmas - TO enfrentou algumas dificuldades, entretanto permitiu aos residentes refletir sobre suas práticas e a integração multidisciplinar na produção de ações e melhoraria da qualidade do atendimento, contribuindo para ampliar a perspectiva sobre o processo saúde / doença com base na situação de saúde real do país.

Comparative anatomy of the arm muscles of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) with some comments on locomotor mechanics and behavior.

BACKGROUND: The anatomical literature on the genus Macaca has focused mainly on the rhesus monkey. However, some aspects in the positional behaviors of the Japanese monkey may be different from those in rhesus monkey, suggesting that the anatomical details of these species are divergent. METHODS: Four thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata adults were dissected. RESULTS: The arm muscles in Japanese macaques are more similar to rhesus monkeys and Papio; these characteristics are closer to those of bearded capuchins than apes, indicating more proximity of this genus to New World primates. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical features observed favor quadrupedal locomotor behaviors on the ground and in arboreal environments. Japanese monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and bearded capuchins, which share more primitive characteristics in their arm muscles, present features that favor both arboreal and quadrupedal locomotor behaviors, whereas apes, mainly Pan and Gorilla, which spend more time on the ground, present more quadrupedal specializations.